Association of dental enamel lead levels with risk factors for environmental exposure

Revista de Saúde Pública

Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio²  Juliana Naozuka¹  Pedro Vitoriano Oliveira¹  Maria Regina Alves Cardoso¹  Etelvino José Henriques Bechara¹  Wanda Maria Risso Günther² 

[1] ,Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Saúde Pública Departamento de Saúde AmbientalSão Paulo SP ,Brasil

关键词: Lead poisoning;    dental enamel;    environmental exposure;    adolescent;    cross-sectional studies;    Intoxicação por Chumbo;    Esmalte Dentário;    Exposição Ambiental;    Adolescente;    Estudos Transversais;    Intoxicación por Plomo;    Esmalte Dental;    Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales;    Adolescente;    Estudios Transversales;   

DOI  :  10.1590/S0034-89102010000500010

来源: SciELO

【 摘 要 】

OBJECTIVE: To analyze household risk factors associated with high lead levels in surface dental enamel. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 160 Brazilian adolescents aged 14-18 years living in poor neighborhoods in the city of Bauru, southeastern Brazil, from August to December 2008. Body lead concentrations were assessed in surface dental enamel acid-etch microbiopsies. Dental enamel lead levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and phosphorus levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The parents answered a questionnaire about their children's potential early (05 years old) exposure to well-known lead sources. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between dental enamel lead levels and each environmental risk factor studied. Social and familial covariables were included in the models. RESULTS: The results suggest that the adolescents studied were exposed to lead sources during their first years of life. Risk factors associated with high dental enamel lead levels were living in or close to a contaminated area (OR = 4.49; 95% CI: 1.69;11.97); and member of the household worked in the manufacturing of paints, paint pigments, ceramics or batteries (OR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.31;9.00). Home-based use of lead-glazed ceramics, low-quality pirated toys, anticorrosive paint on gates and/or sale of used car batteries (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 0.56;3.03) and smoking (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 0.52;5.28) were not found to be associated with high dental enamel lead levels. CONCLUSIONS: Surface dental enamel can be used as a marker of past environmental exposure to lead and lead concentrations detected are associated to well-known sources of lead contamination.

【 授权许可】

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