Thomson's formulation of the second law for macroscopic and finite work sources

Entropy

Armen E. Allahverdyan¹  Roger Balian¹ 

[1] ¹Institute for Theoretical Physics, Valckenierstraat 65, 1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands ²Yerevan Physics Institute, Alikhanian Brothers St. 2, Yerevan 375036, Armenia ³PhT, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France

关键词: second law;    work;    entropy;   

DOI  :  10.3390/e6010030

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Thomson's formulation of the second law states: no work can be extracted from an equilibrium system through a cyclic process. A simple, general proof is presented for the case of macroscopic sources of work. Next the setup is generalized towards situations, where the corresponding work-source is not macroscopic. It is shown that using such a source one can extract energy from an equilibrium system by means of a cyclic process. However, this extraction is accompanied by an entropy increase of the source, in a manner resembling the Clausius inequality.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.