Generalized Ideal Gas Equations for Structureful Universe

Entropy

Shahid N. Afridi¹ 

[1] Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.

关键词: set theory;    cluster;    temperature;    pressure;    entropy;    thermal energy;    cosmology.;   

DOI  :  10.3390/e8030175

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

We have derived generalized ideal gas equations for a structureful universe consistingof all forms of matters. We have assumed a universe that contains superclusters. Superclusters arethen made of clusters. Each cluster can be further divided into smaller ones and so on. We havederived an expression for the entropy of such a universe. Our model is rather independent of thegeometry of the intermediate clusters. Our calculations are valid for a non-interacting universewithin non-relativistic limits. We suggest that structure formation can reduce the expansion rateof the universe.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.