Estimating Intervention Effects in a Complex Multi-Level Smoking Prevention Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Milena Falcaro²  Andrew C. Povey¹  Anne Fielder¹  Elizabeth Nahit¹ 

[1] Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Manchester, UK; E-Mails:;Biostatistics Group, School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, UK; E-Mail:

关键词: Instrumental variables;    multi-level intervention study;    non-compliance;    treatment effect;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph6020463

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

This paper illustrates how to estimate cumulative and non-cumulative treatment effects in a complex school-based smoking intervention study. The Instrumental Variable method is used to tackle non-compliance and measurement error for a range of treatment exposure measures (binary, ordinal and continuous) in the presence of clustering and dropout. The results are compared to more routine analyses. The empirical findings from this study provide little encouragement for believing that poorly resourced school-based interventions can bring about substantial long-lasting reductions in smoking behaviour but that novel components such as a computer game might have some short-term effect.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.