Biological Effects and Safety in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Valentina Hartwig²  Giulio Giovannetti²  Nicola Vanello³  Massimo Lombardi¹  Luigi Landini³ 

[1] MRI Laboratory, G. Monasterio Foundation and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy; E-Mail:;ITENI Laboratory, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy; E-Mails:;Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy; E-Mail:

关键词: electromagnetic fields;    Magnetic Resonance Imaging;    MRI safety;    genotoxic effects;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph6061778

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Since the introduction of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic technique, the number of people exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has increased dramatically. In this review, based on the results of a pioneer study showing in vitro and in vivo genotoxic effects of MRI scans, we report an updated survey about the effects of non-ionizing EMF employed in MRI, relevant for patients’ and workers’ safety. While the whole data does not confirm a risk hypothesis, it suggests a need for further studies and prudent use in order to avoid unnecessary examinations, according to the precautionary principle.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.