Assessment of Global Emissions, Local Emissions and Immissions of Different Heating Systems

Sustainability

Johannes Henkel²  Robert Kunde¹  Matthias Gaderer¹ 

[1] Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Division 1: Technology for Energy Systems and Renewable Energy, Walther-Meissner-Str. 6, 85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mail:;Berlin University of Technology, Department of Energy Systems, Einsteinufer 25 (TA 8), 10587 Berlin, Germany; E-Mail:

关键词: heating systems;    life cycle assessment;    immissions;    particulate matter;    dispersion calculation;   

DOI  :  10.3390/su1030494

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

This paper assesses and compares existing and new technologies for space heating in Germany (e.g., heat pumps, and solar thermal and wood pellet systems) in terms of their environmental impacts. The various technologies were analyzed within the context of the new German legislation. The assessment was carried out on three levels:

Global emissions: a life cycle assessment was carried out in order to find the global environmental footprint of the various technologies

Local emissions: the effects of local emissions on human health were analyzed

Immissions: the immissions were evaluated for the various technologies using a dispersion calculation

A special feature of this study is the substitution of frequently used database emission values by values obtained from field studies and our own measurements. The results show large differences between the different technologies: while electric heat pumps performed quite well in most categories, wood pellet systems performed the best with respect to climate change. The latter, however, are associated with high impacts in other environmental impact categories and on a local scale. The promotion of some technologies (especially systems based on fuel oil, a mixture of fuel oil and rapeseed oil, or a mixture of natural gas and biomethane) by the newly introduced German legislation is doubtful. In terms of the immissions of wood pellet systems, it can be concluded that, even for extremely unfavorable meteorological conditions, the regulatory limits are not exceeded and the heating systems have a negligible influence on the total PM load in the ambient air.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.