A New Look at the Most Successful Prodrugs for Active Vitamin D (D Hormone): Alfacalcidol and Doxercalciferol

Molecules

关键词: prodrugs;    vitamin D;    D hormone;    alfacalcidol;    doxercalciferol;    practical syntheses;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules14103869

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Alfacalcidol (1α-hydroxyvitamin D₃) has been widely used since 1981 as a prodrug for calcitriol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃) in the treatment of hypocalcemia, chronic renal failure, hypoparathyroidism and osteoporosis. More recently, doxercalciferol (1α-hydroxyvitamin D₂) has been used since 1999 as a prodrug for 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₂ for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Currently, six forms of vitamin D are known. They range from vitamin D₂ to vitamin D₇ and are distinguished by their differing side chains. Only vitamin D₂ and vitamin D₃ have been found to be biologically active based on the elucidation of activation pathways. Alfacalcidol and osteoporosis/doxercalciferol and secondary hyperparathyroidism are discussed, with a new look at old compounds including their practical syntheses.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.