Spatial Trends of Genetic Variation of Domestic Ruminants in Europe

Diversity

Denis Laloë⁷  Katayoun Moazami-Goudarzi⁷  Johannes A. Lenstra¹¹  Paolo Ajmone Marsan¹²  Pedro Azor⁶  Roswitha Baumung¹⁴  Daniel G. Bradley⁹  Michael W. Bruford¹⁰  Javier Cañón¹⁵  Gaudenz Dolf¹  Susana Dunner¹⁵  Georg Erhardt^5,7  Godfrey Hewitt^2,7  Juha Kantanen^7,13  Gabriela Obexer-Ruff¹  Ingrid Olsaker^4,7  Clemen Rodellar^7,16  Alessio Valentini^3,7  Pamela Wiener^7,17  rib-type="author">European Cattle Genetic Diversity Consortiumcontrib-type="author">European Cattle Genetic Diversity Consortium<^7,8 

[1] University of Berne, Switzerland; E-Mails:;University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; E-Mail:;Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; E-Mail:;Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway; E-Mail:;Justus-Liebig Universität, Giessen, Germany; E-Mail:;University of Córdoba, Spain; E-Mail:;Génétique animale et biologie intégrative, UMR 1313, Inra, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France;E-Mail:;Génétique animale et biologie intégrative, UMR 1313, Inra, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France;E-Mail;Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; E-Mail:;University of Wales, Cardiff, UK; E-Mail:;Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; E-Mail:;Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy; E-Mail:;MTT, Jokioinen, Finland; E-Mail:;University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; E-Mail:;Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; E-Mails:;Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; E-Mail:;The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK; E-Mail:

关键词: cattle;    sheep;    goat;    diversity;    spatial structure;    PCA;    sPCA;    Multidimensional scaling;    Moran’s I;   

DOI  :  10.3390/d2060932

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The introduction of livestock species in Europe has been followed by various genetic events, which created a complex spatial pattern of genetic differentiation. Spatial principal component (sPCA) analysis and spatial metric multidimensional scaling (sMDS) incorporate geography in multivariate analysis. This method was applied to three microsatellite data sets for 45 goat breeds, 46 sheep breeds, and 101 cattle breeds from Europe, Southwest Asia, and India. The first two sPCA coordinates for goat and cattle, and the first sPCA coordinate of sheep, correspond to the coordinates of ordinary PCA analysis. However, higher sPCA coordinates suggest, for all three species, additional spatial structuring. The goat is the most geographically structured species, followed by cattle. For all three species, the main genetic cline is from southeast to northwest, but other geographic patterns depend on the species. We propose sPCA and sMDS to be useful tools for describing the correlation of genetic variation with geography.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2010 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.