Warfarin Toxicity and Individual Variability—Clinical Case

Toxins

Irina Piatkov¹  Colin Rochester²  Trudi Jones² 

[1] Diversity Health Institute, DHI Laboratory, ICPMR level 2, Sydney-West Area Health Service, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;

关键词: warfarin;    pesticides;    anticoagulant;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins2112584

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Warfarin is a widely used anticoagulant in the treatment and prevention of thrombosis, in the treatment for chronic atrial fibrillation, mechanical valves, pulmonary embolism, and dilated cardiomyopathy. It is tasteless and colorless, was used as a poison, and is still marketed as a pesticide against rats and mice. Several long-acting warfarin derivatives—superwarfarin anticoagulants—such as brodifacoum, diphenadione, chlorophacinone, bromadiolone, are used as pesticides and can produce profound and prolonged anticoagulation. Several factors increase the risk of warfarin toxicity. However, polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 genes and drug interactions account for most of the risk for toxicity complications. Each person is unique in their degree of susceptibility to toxic agents. The toxicity interpretation and the health risk of most toxic substances are a subject of uncertainty. Genetically determined low metabolic capacity in an individual can dramatically alter the toxin and metabolite levels from those normally expected, which is crucial for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, like warfarin. Personalized approaches in interpretation have the potential to remove some of the scientific uncertainties in toxicity cases.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2010 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland