Phosphorus-based Flame Retardancy Mechanisms—Old Hat or a Starting Point for Future Development?

Materials

关键词: fire retardancy;    red phosphorus;    phosphate;    phosphonate;    phosphinate;    phosphine oxide;    flame inhibition;    charring;    intumescence;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ma3104710

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Different kinds of additive and reactive flame retardants containing phosphorus are increasingly successful as halogen-free alternatives for various polymeric materials and applications. Phosphorus can act in the condensed phase by enhancing charring, yielding intumescence, or through inorganic glass formation; and in the gas phase through flame inhibition. Occurrence and efficiency depend, not only on the flame retardant itself, but also on its interaction with pyrolysing polymeric material and additives. Flame retardancy is sensitive to modification of the flame retardant, the use of synergists/adjuvants, and changes to the polymeric material. A detailed understanding facilitates the launch of tailored and targeted development.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2010 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.