The Relationship between Phenolics and Flavonoids Production with Total Non Structural Carbohydrate and Photosynthetic Rate in Labisia pumila Benth. under High CO2 and Nitrogen Fertilization

Molecules

Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim¹  Hawa Z.E. Jaafar¹  Asmah Rahmat¹ 

[1] ¹Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ²Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ³Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

关键词: CO₂ enrichment;    total phenolics and flavonoids;    carbon:nitrogen ratio;    photosynthesis nitrogen use efficiency;    total soluble sugar and starch profiling;    Kacip Fatimah;    medicinal herb;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules16010162

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

A factorial split plot 4 × 3 experiment was designed to examine and characterize the relationship among production of secondary metabolites (total phenolics, TP; total flavonoids, TF), carbohydrate content and photosynthesis of three varieties of the Malaysian medicinal herb Labisia pumila Benth. namely the varieties alata, pumila and lanceolata under CO₂ enrichment (1,200 µmol mol^-1) combined with four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N ha^-1). No varietal differences were observed, however, as the levels of nitrogen increased from 0 to 270 kg N ha^-1, the production of TP and TF decreased in the order leaves>roots>stems. The production of TP and TF was related to increased total non structural carbohydrate (TNC), where the increase in starch content was larger than that in sugar concentration. Nevertheless, the regression analysis exhibited a higher influence of soluble sugar concentration (r² = 0.88) than starch on TP and TF biosynthesis. Photosynthesis, on the other hand, displayed a significant negative relationship with TP and TF production (r² = -0.87). A decrease in photosynthetic rate with increasing secondary metabolites might be due to an increase in the shikimic acid pathway that results in enhanced production of TP and TF. Chlorophyll content exhibited very significant negative relationships with total soluble sugar, starch and total non structural carbohydrate.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.