Four Polygamous Families with Congenital Birth Defects from Fallujah, Iraq

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Samira Alaani¹  Mozhgan Savabieasfahani²  Mohammad Tafash¹ 

[1] Fallujah General Hospital, Althubbadh District, Fallujah, 00964, Iraq; E-Mails:;P.O. Box 7038; Ann Arbor, MI 48107, USA; E-Mail:

关键词: Iraq;    birth defects;    war contaminants;    epigenetics;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph8010089

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Since 2003, congenital malformations have increased to account for 15% of all births in Fallujah, Iraq. Congenital heart defects have the highest incidence, followed by neural tube defects. Similar birth defects were reported in other populations exposed to war contaminants. While the causes of increased prevalence of birth defects are under investigation, we opted to release this communication to contribute to exploration of these issues. By using a questionnaire, containing residential history and activities that may have led to exposure to war contaminants, retrospective reproductive history of four polygamous Fallujah families were documented. Our findings point to sporadic, untargeted events, with different phenotypes in each family and increased recurrence. The prevalence of familial birth defects after 2003 highlights the relevance of epigenetic mechanisms and offers insights to focus research, with the aim of reducing further damage to people’s health.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2011 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.