Physiological Sensing of Carbon Dioxide/Bicarbonate/pH via Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling

Sensors

Jochen Buck¹ 

[1] Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;

关键词: soluble adenylyl cyclase;    cAMP;    second messenger;    cyclic nucleotides;    bicarbonate;    carbon dioxide;    pH;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s110202112

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is produced by living organisms as a byproduct of metabolism. In physiological systems, CO₂ is unequivocally linked with bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and pH via a ubiquitous family of carbonic anhydrases, and numerous biological processes are dependent upon a mechanism for sensing the level of CO₂, HCO₃, and/or pH. The discovery that soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly regulated by bicarbonate provided a link between CO₂/HCO₃/pH chemosensing and signaling via the widely used second messenger cyclic AMP. This review summarizes the evidence that bicarbonate-regulated sAC, and additional, subsequently identified bicarbonate-regulate nucleotidyl cyclases, function as evolutionarily conserved CO₂/HCO₃/pH chemosensors in a wide variety of physiological systems.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.