Playing It Safe: Assessing Cumulative Impact and Social Vulnerability through an Environmental Justice Screening Method in the South Coast Air Basin, California

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

James L. Sadd¹  Manuel Pastor³  Rachel Morello-Frosch²  Justin Scoggins³ 

[1]Department of Environmental Science, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 94001, USA

[2] E-Mail:

[3]Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

[4] E-Mail:

[5]Program on Environmental and Regional Equity, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA

[6] E-Mails:

关键词: environmental justice;    environmental health;    geographic information systems;    social vulnerability;    cumulative impacts;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph8051441

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Regulatory agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and state authorities like the California Air Resources Board (CARB), have sought to address the concerns of environmental justice (EJ) advocates who argue that chemical-by-chemical and source-specific assessments of potential health risks of environmental hazards do not reflect the multiple environmental and social stressors faced by vulnerable communities. We propose an Environmental Justice Screening Method (EJSM) as a relatively simple, flexible and transparent way to examine the relative rank of cumulative impacts and social vulnerability within metropolitan regions and determine environmental justice areas based on more than simply the demographics of income and race. We specifically organize 23 indicator metrics into three categories: (1) hazard proximity and land use; (2) air pollution exposure and estimated health risk; and (3) social and health vulnerability. For hazard proximity, the EJSM uses GIS analysis to create a base map by intersecting land use data with census block polygons, and calculates hazard proximity measures based on locations within various buffer distances. These proximity metrics are then summarized to the census tract level where they are combined with tract centroid-based estimates of pollution exposure and health risk and socio-economic status (SES) measures. The result is a cumulative impacts (CI) score for ranking neighborhoods within regions that can inform diverse stakeholders seeking to identify local areas that might need targeted regulatory strategies to address environmental justice concerns.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.