How Do Price Minimizing Behaviors Impact Smoking Cessation? Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Andrea S. Licht⁵  Andrew J. Hyland⁵  Richard J. O𠆜onnor⁵  Frank J. Chaloupka²  Ron Borland³  Geoffrey T. Fong⁴  Nigar Nargis¹ 

[1] Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; E-Mail:;Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA; E-Mail:;Vic Health Center for Tobacco Control, the Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; E-Mail:;Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; E-Mail:;Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; E-Mails:

关键词: tobacco;    cessation;    price;    tax;    policy;    socio-economic status;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph8051671

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

This paper examines how price minimizing behaviors impact efforts to stop smoking. Data on 4,988 participants from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Four-Country Survey who were smokers at baseline (wave 5) and interviewed at a 1 year follow-up were used. We examined whether price minimizing behaviors at baseline predicted: (1) cessation, (2) quit attempts, and (3) successful quit attempts at one year follow up using multivariate logistic regression modeling. A subset analysis included 3,387 participants who were current smokers at waves 5 and 6 and were followed through wave 7 to explore effects of changing purchase patterns on cessation. Statistical tests for interaction were performed to examine the joint effect of SES and price/tax avoidance behaviors on cessation outcomes. Smokers who engaged in any price/tax avoidance behaviors were 28% less likely to report cessation. Persons using low/untaxed sources were less likely to quit at follow up, those purchasing cartons were less likely to make quit attempts and quit, and those using discount cigarettes were less likely to succeed, conditional on making attempts. Respondents who utilized multiple behaviors simultaneously were less likely to make quit attempts and to succeed. SES did not modify the effects of price minimizing behaviors on cessation outcomes. The data from this paper indicate that the availability of lower priced cigarette alternatives may attenuate public health efforts aimed at to reduce reducing smoking prevalence through price and tax increases among all SES groups.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.