Bio-Sensing of Cadmium(II) Ions Using Staphylococcus aureus †

Sensors

Jiri Sochor¹  Ondrej Zitka¹  David Hynek¹  Eva Jilkova¹  Ludmila Krejcova¹  Libuse Trnkova¹  Vojtech Adam¹  Jaromir Hubalek¹  Jindrich Kynicky³  Radimir Vrba² 

[1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails:;Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mail:;Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mail:

关键词: biosensor;    cadmium;    Staphylococcus aureus;    metabolic activity;    metabolome;    microbiome;    electrochemistry;    voltammetry;    Brdicka reaction;    spectrophotometry;    high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s111110638

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Cadmium, as a hazardous pollutant commonly present in the living environment, represents an important risk to human health due to its undesirable effects (oxidative stress, changes in activities of many enzymes, interactions with biomolecules including DNA and RNA) and consequent potential risk, making its detection very important. New and unique technological and biotechnological approaches for solving this problems are intensely sought. In this study, we used the commonly occurring potential pathogenic microorganism Staphylococcus aureus for the determination of markers which could be used for sensing of cadmium(II) ions. We were focused on monitoring the effects of different cadmium(II) ion concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 μg mL⁻¹) on the growth and energetic metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus. Highly significant changes have been detected in the metabolism of thiol compounds—specifically the protein metallothionein (0.79–26.82 mmol/mg of protein), the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (190–5,827 μmol/min/mg of protein), and sulfhydryl groups (9.6–274.3 μmol cysteine/mg of protein). The ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione indicated marked oxidative stress. In addition, dramatic changes in urease activity, which is connected with resistance of bacteria, were determined. Further, the effects of cadmium(II) ions on the metabolic pathways of arginine, β-glucosidase, phosphatase, N-acetyl β-d-glucosamine, sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, maltose, lactose, fructose and total proteins were demonstrated. A metabolomic profile of Staphylococcus aureus under cadmium(II) ion treatment conditions was completed seeking data about the possibility of cadmium(II) ion accumulation in cells. The results demonstrate potential in the application of microorganisms as modern biosensor systems based on biological components.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.