Toxic Marine Puffer Fish in Thailand Seas and Tetrodotoxin They Contained

Toxins

Monrat Chulanetra¹  Nitat Sookrung³  Potjanee Srimanote⁴  Nitaya Indrawattana²  Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul⁵  Yuwaporn Sakolvaree⁵  Manas Chongsa-Nguan²  Hisao Kurazono⁶ 

[1] Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road , Bangkok 10400, Thailand;Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;Graduate Program, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080 8555, Japan;

关键词: tetrodotoxin (TTX);    puffer fish;    Lagocephalus spp.;    Tetraodon spp.;    Arothron spp.;    Thailand;    Gulf of Siam;    Andaman sea;    liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS);    mouse bioassay;    mouse lethal unit(s);   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins3101249

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

A total of 155 puffers caught from two of Thailand’s seas, the Gulf of Siam and the Andaman seas, during April to July 2010 were included in this study. Among 125 puffers from the Gulf of Siam, 18 were Lagocephalus lunaris and 107 were L. spadiceus which were the same two species found previously in 2000-2001. Thirty puffers were collected from the Andaman seas, 28 Tetraodon nigroviridis and two juvenile Arothron reticularis; the two new species totally replaced the nine species found previously in 1992-1993. Conventional mouse bioassay was used to determine the toxicity in all fish tissue extracts, i.e., liver, reproductive tissue, digestive tissue and muscle. One of each of the species L. lunaris and L. spadiceus (5.56 and 0.93%, respectively) were toxic. All 28 T. nigroviridis and 2 A. reticularis (100%) from the Andaman seas were toxic. The toxicity scores in T. nigroviridis tissues were much higher than in the respective tissues of the other three fish species. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that the main toxic principle was tetrodotoxin (TTX). This study is the first to report TTX in L. spadiceus. Our findings raised a concern for people, not only Thais but also inhabitants of other countries situated on the Andaman coast; consuming puffers of the Andaman seas is risky due to potential TTX intoxication.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland