Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater with Constructed Wetlands

Water

Iosif E. Kapellakis³  Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis²  Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis¹ 

[1] Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67100, Greece;Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania 73132, Greece;Institute of Iraklio, National Agricultural Research Foundation, P.O. Box 2229, Iraklio 71307, Greece;

关键词: effluent recirculation;    free water surface constructed wetlands;    nutrient removal;    olive mill wastewater;    organic load removal;    phenols;   

DOI  :  10.3390/w4010260

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The objective of this study was to investigate the application of constructed wetlands as a mean to manage olive mill wastewater (OMW). Two free water surface (FWS) constructed wetlands, one without (CW1) and one with effluent recirculation (CW2), were operated for a two-year period with diluted OMW (1:10) and evaluated in terms of the removal of COD, TSS, TKN, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, TP and total phenols. The organic loading rate of CWs was adjusted to 925 kg BOD/ha·d. In CW1 the removal efficiency averaged 80%, 83%, 78%, 80%, and 74% for COD, TSS, TKN, TP, and total phenols, respectively, during the operation period. Effluent recirculation further improved the treatment efficiency which approached 90%, 98%, 87%, 85%, and 87% for COD, TSS, TKN, TP, and total phenols, respectively. Constructed wetlands also showed high removal efficiency for NH₄⁺-N. Nitrate concentration maintained low in both CWs basins, probably due to the prevalence of high denitrification rates that efficiently removed the NO₃^--N produced by NH₄⁺-N oxidation. Despite the increased removal percentages, pollutant concentration in effluent exceeded the allowable limits for discharge in water bodies, suggesting that additional practices, including enhanced pre-application treatment and/or higher dilution rates, are required to make this practice effective for OMW management.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.