Modification by Ubiquitin-Like Proteins: Significance in Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Umar-Faruq Cajee¹  Rodney Hull¹ 

[1] School of Molecular & Cell Biology, Gatehouse 512, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa;

关键词: ubiquitin-like;    autophagy;    apoptosis;    immune response;    DWNN;    SNAMA;    p53;    Ubls;    ubiquitin-proteasome;    cancer;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms130911804

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) confer diverse functions on their target proteins. The modified proteins are involved in various biological processes, including DNA replication, signal transduction, cell cycle control, embryogenesis, cytoskeletal regulation, metabolism, stress response, homeostasis and mRNA processing. Modifiers such as SUMO, ATG12, ISG15, FAT10, URM1, and UFM have been shown to modify proteins thus conferring functions related to programmed cell death, autophagy and regulation of the immune system. Putative modifiers such as Domain With No Name (DWNN) have been identified in recent times but not fully characterized. In this review, we focus on cellular processes involving human Ubls and their targets. We review current progress in targeting these modifiers for drug design strategies.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2012 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.