Current Situation of Mycotoxin Contamination and Co-occurrence in Animal Feed—Focus on Europe

Toxins

Elisabeth Streit⁴  Gerd Schatzmayr⁴  Panagiotis Tassis²  Eleni Tzika²  Daniela Marin⁵  Ionelia Taranu⁵  Cristina Tabuc⁵  Anca Nicolau¹  Iuliana Aprodu¹  Olivier Puel³ 

[1]“Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Domneasca 47, 800008 Galati, Romania

[2]Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St Voutyra 11, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece

[3]Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de tournefeuille, F- 31027 Toulouse cedex 3, France

[4]BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria

[5]National Institute for Research and Development in Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucuresti, 077015 Balotesti, Romania

关键词: mycotoxins;    feed;    co-occurrence;    Europe;    aflatoxin;    deoxynivalenol;    zearalenone;    fumonisins;    ochratoxin A;    T-2;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins4100788

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi especially those belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Penicillum and Fusarium. Mycotoxin contamination can occur in all agricultural commodities in the field and/or during storage, if conditions are favourable to fungal growth. Regarding animal feed, five mycotoxins (aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A) are covered by EU legislation (regulation or recommendation). Transgressions of these limits are rarely observed in official monitoring programs. However, low level contamination by Fusarium toxins is very common (e.g., deoxynivalenol (DON) is typically found in more than 50% of the samples) and co-contamination is frequently observed. Multi-mycotoxin studies reported 75%–100% of the samples to contain more than one mycotoxin which could impact animal health at already low doses. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins is likely to arise for at least three different reasons (i) most fungi are able to simultaneously produce a number of mycotoxins, (ii) commodities can be contaminated by several fungi, and (iii) completed feed is made from various commodities. In the present paper, we reviewed the data published since 2004 concerning the contamination of animal feed with single or combinations of mycotoxins and highlighted the occurrence of these co-contaminations.

【 授权许可】

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© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.