Impact of PHEVs Penetration on Ontario’s Electricity Grid and Environmental Considerations

Energies

Lena Ahmadi¹  Eric Croiset¹  Ali Elkamel¹  Peter L. Douglas¹  Woramon Unbangluang² 

[1] Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; E-Mails:;Chemical Engineering Department, King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; E-Mail:

关键词: plug-in hybrid electric vehicle;    electricity grid;    peak load demand;    base load demand;    load forecasting;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en5125019

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have a large potential to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and increase fuel economy and fuel flexibility. PHEVs are propelled by the energy from both gasoline and electric power sources. Penetration of PHEVs into the automobile market affects the electrical grid through an increase in electricity demand. This paper studies effects of the wide spread adoption of PHEVs on peak and base load demands in Ontario, Canada. Long-term forecasting models of peak and base load demands and the number of light-duty vehicles sold were developed. To create proper forecasting models, both linear regression (LR) and non-linear regression (NLR) techniques were employed, considering different ranges in the demographic, climate and economic variables. The results from the LR and NLR models were compared and the most accurate one was selected. Furthermore, forecasting the effects of PHEVs penetration is done through consideration of various scenarios of penetration levels, such as mild, normal and aggressive ones. Finally, the additional electricity demand on the Ontario electricity grid from charging PHEVs is incorporated for electricity production planning purposes.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.