Where and When Should Sensors Move? Sampling Using the Expected Value of Information

Sensors

Sytze de Bruin²  Daniela Ballari¹ 

[1] Instituto de Estudios de Régimen Seccional del Ecuador, Azuay University, 24 de Mayo 7-77 and Hernán Malo, Cuenca, EC010150, Ecuador; E-Mail:;Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; E-Mail:

关键词: iterative sampling;    adaptive sampling;    infill sampling;    decision analysis;    environmental monitoring;    geostatistics;    mobile sensors;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s121216274

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

In case of an environmental accident, initially available data are often insufficient for properly managing the situation. In this paper, new sensor observations are iteratively added to an initial sample by maximising the global expected value of information of the points for decision making. This is equivalent to minimizing the aggregated expected misclassification costs over the study area. The method considers measurement error and different costs for class omissions and false class commissions. Constraints imposed by a mobile sensor web are accounted for using cost distances to decide which sensor should move to the next sample location. The method is demonstrated using synthetic examples of static and dynamic phenomena. This allowed computation of the true misclassification costs and comparison with other sampling approaches. The probability of local contamination levels being above a given critical threshold were computed by indicator kriging. In the case of multiple sensors being relocated simultaneously, a genetic algorithm was used to find sets of suitable new measurement locations. Otherwise, all grid nodes were searched exhaustively, which is computationally demanding. In terms of true misclassification costs, the method outperformed random sampling and sampling based on minimisation of the kriging variance.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland