Operation and Power Flow Control of Multi-Terminal DC Networks for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms Using Genetic Algorithms

Energies

Rodrigo Teixeira Pinto¹  Sílvio Fragoso Rodrigues¹  Edwin Wiggelinkhuizen²  Ricardo Scherrer³  Pavol Bauer¹ 

[1]Electrical Power Processing Group, Technical University of Delft, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands

[2] E-Mails:

[3]Wind Energy Group, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Westerduinweg 3, Petten 1755 LE, The Netherlands

[4] E-Mails:

[5]Bids, Proposals & Sales Operations, Alcatel-Lucent, Av. Marginal Direita da Anchieta 400, São Paulo 04182-901, Brazil

[6] E-Mail:

关键词: HVDC transmission;    voltage-source converters;    power electronics;    DC networks;    offshore wind energy;    control theory;    optimal power flow;    genetic algorithms;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en6010001

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

For achieving the European renewable electricity targets, a significant contribution is foreseen to come from offshore wind energy. Considering the large scale of the future planned offshore wind farms and the increasing distances to shore, grid integration through a transnational DC network is desirable for several reasons. This article investigates a nine-node DC grid connecting three northern European countries—namely UK, The Netherlands and Germany. The power-flow control inside the multi-terminal DC grid based on voltage-source converters is achieved through a novel method, called distributed voltage control (DVC). In this method, an optimal power flow (OPF) is solved in order to minimize the transmission losses in the network. The main contribution of the paper is the utilization of a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the OPF problem while maintaining an N-1 security constraint. After describing main DC network component models, several case studies illustrate the dynamic behavior of the proposed control method.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.