Carry-Over of Aflatoxin B1 to Aflatoxin M1 in High Yielding Israeli Cows in Mid- and Late-Lactation

Toxins

Malka Britzi²  Shmulik Friedman⁶  Joshua Miron⁵  Ran Solomon⁴  Olga Cuneah³  Jakob A. Shimshoni³  Stefan Soback²  Rina Ashkenazi¹  Sima Armer¹ 

[1] Department of Chemistry, Plant Protection and Inspection Services, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; E-Mails:;National Residue Control Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; E-Mails:;Department of Toxicology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; E-Mails:;Ambar Feed Production Company, Gan Shmuel 38810, Israel; E-Mail:;Department of Ruminant Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; E-Mail:;Israeli Dairy Board, Yehud 56470, Israel; E-Mail:

关键词: aflatoxin B1;    aflatoxin M1;    carry-over;    Israeli-Holstein cows;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins5010173

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin contaminant of grains used in animal feeds. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major metabolite of AFB1 in mammals, being partially excreted into milk, and is a possible human carcinogen. The maximum permitted concentration of AFM1 in cows’ milk is 0.05 μg/kg in Israel and the European Union. Since milk yield and the carry-over of AFB1 in the feed to AFM1 in the milk are highly correlated, it was considered important to determine the AFM1 carry-over in Israeli-Holstein dairy cows, distinguished by world record high milk production. Twelve such cows were used to determine AFM1 carry-over following daily oral administration of feed containing ~86 μg AFB1 for 7 days. The mean carry-over rate at steady-state (Days 3–7) was 5.8% and 2.5% in mid-lactation and late-lactation groups, respectively. The carry-over appears to increase exponentially with milk yield and could be described by the equation: carry-over% = 0.5154 e^{0.0521 × milk yield}, with r² = 0.6224. If these data truly reflect the carry-over in the national Israeli dairy herd, the maximum level of AFB1 in feed should not exceed 1.4 μg/kg, a value 3.6 times lower than the maximum residue level currently applied in Israel.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.