The Exergetic, Environmental and Economic Effect of the Hydrostatic Design Static Pressure Level on the Pipe Dimensions of Low-Energy District Heating Networks

Challenges

Hakan ጋrahim Tol¹ 

关键词: low-energy;    low-temperature;    district heating;    substation;    pressure loss;    maximum static pressure;    optimization;    environmental impact;   

DOI  :  10.3390/challe4010001

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Low-Energy District Heating (DH) systems, providing great energy savings by means of very low operating temperatures of 55 °C and 25 °C for supply and return respectively, were considered to be the 4th generation of the DH systems for a low-energy future. Low-temperature operation is considered to be used in a low-energy DH network to carry the heat produced by renewable and/or low grade energy sources to low-energy Danish buildings. In this study, a comparison of various design considerations with different levels of maximum design static pressures was performed, and their results evaluated in terms of energetic, exergetic, economic, and environmental perspectives.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.