Statistical Analysis of Gait Maturation in Children Using Nonparametric Probability Density Function Modeling

Entropy

Ning Xiang¹  Suxian Cai¹  Shanshan Yang¹  Zhangting Zhong¹  Fang Zheng¹  Jia He¹ 

[1] School of Information Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 422 Si Ming South Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China;

关键词: gait analysis;    maturation;    motor control;    probability density function;    Parzen window;    Gaussian distribution;    skewness;    kurtosis;   

DOI  :  10.3390/e15030753

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Analysis of gait dynamics in children may help understand the development of neuromuscular control and maturation of locomotor function. This paper applied the nonparametric Parzen-window estimation method to establish the probability density function (PDF) models for the stride interval time series of 50 children (25 boys and 25 girls). Four statistical parameters, in terms of averaged stride interval (ASI), variation of stride interval (VSI), PDF skewness (SK), and PDF kurtosis (KU), were computed with the Parzen-window PDFs to study the maturation of stride interval in children. By analyzing the results of the children in three age groups (aged 3–5 years, 6–8 years, and 10–14 years), we summarize the key findings of the present study as follows. (1) The gait cycle duration, in terms of ASI, increases until 14 years of age. On the other hand, the gait variability, in terms of VSI, decreases rapidly until 8 years of age, and then continues to decrease at a slower rate. (2) The SK values of both the histograms and Parzen-window PDFs for all of the three age groups are positive, which indicates an imbalance in the stride interval distribution within an age group. However, such an imbalance would be meliorated when the children grow up. (3) The KU values of both the histograms and Parzen-window PDFs decrease with the body growth in children, which suggests that the musculoskeletal growth enables the children to modulate a gait cadence with ease. (4) The SK and KU results also demonstrate the superiority of the Parzen-window PDF estimation method to the Gaussian distribution modeling, for the study of gait maturation in children.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.