Low Oxygen Response Mechanisms in Green Organisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Valeria Banti¹  Beatrice Giuntoli¹  Silvia Gonzali¹  Elena Loreti³  Leonardo Magneschi²  Giacomo Novi¹  Eleonora Paparelli¹  Sandro Parlanti¹  Chiara Pucciariello¹  Antonietta Santaniello¹ 

[1] PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Via Mariscoglio 34, Pisa 56124, Italy; E-Mails:;Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, Münster 48143, Germany; E-Mail:;Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56100, Italy; E-Mail:

关键词: anoxia;    Arabidopsis thaliana;    Chlamydomonas reinhardtii;    hypoxia;    low oxygen;    N-end rule;    Oryza sativa;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms14034734

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Low oxygen stress often occurs during the life of green organisms, mostly due to the environmental conditions affecting oxygen availability. Both plants and algae respond to low oxygen by resetting their metabolism. The shift from mitochondrial respiration to fermentation is the hallmark of anaerobic metabolism in most organisms. This involves a modified carbohydrate metabolism coupled with glycolysis and fermentation. For a coordinated response to low oxygen, plants exploit various molecular mechanisms to sense when oxygen is either absent or in limited amounts. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a direct oxygen sensing system has recently been discovered, where a conserved N-terminal motif on some ethylene responsive factors (ERFs), targets the fate of the protein under normoxia/hypoxia. In Oryza sativa, this same group of ERFs drives physiological and anatomical modifications that vary in relation to the genotype studied. The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii responses to low oxygen seem to have evolved independently of higher plants, posing questions on how the fermentative metabolism is modulated. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings related to these topics, highlighting promising developments for the future.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.