Immobilization Techniques in the Fabrication of Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review

Sensors

William Putzbach¹ 

[1] Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; E-Mail:

关键词: biosensors;    carbon nanotubes;    electrochemical detection;    enzyme-coupled electrochemical biosensors;    enzyme immobilization;    gold nanoparticles;    graphene;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s130404811

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The evolution of 1st to 3rd generation electrochemical biosensors reflects a simplification and enhancement of the transduction pathway. However, in recent years, modification of the transducer with nanomaterials has become increasingly studied and imparts many advantages. The sensitivity and overall performance of enzymatic biosensors has improved tremendously as a result of incorporating nanomaterials in their fabrication. Given the unique and favorable qualities of gold nanoparticles, graphene and carbon nanotubes as applied to electrochemical biosensors, a consolidated survey of the different methods of nanomaterial immobilization on transducer surfaces and enzyme immobilization on these species is beneficial and timely. This review encompasses modification of enzymatic biosensors with gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.