Danger Control Programs Cause Tissue Injury and Remodeling

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Jan H. Hagemann¹  Holger Haegele¹  Susanna Müller² 

[1]Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München 80336, Germany

[2] E-Mails:

[3]Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München 80336, Germany

[4] E-Mail:

关键词: regeneration;    fibrosis;    coagulation;    stem cells;    inflammation;    acute kidney injury;    chronic kidney disease;    healing;    repair;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms140611319

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Are there common pathways underlying the broad spectrum of tissue pathologies that develop upon injuries and from subsequent tissue remodeling? Here, we explain the pathophysiological impact of a set of evolutionary conserved danger control programs for tissue pathology. These programs date back to the survival benefits of the first multicellular organisms upon traumatic injuries by launching a series of danger control responses, i.e., 1. Haemostasis, or clotting to control bleeding; 2. Host defense, to control pathogen entry and spreading; 3. Re-epithelialisation, to recover barrier functions; and 4. Mesenchymal, to repair to regain tissue stability. Taking kidney pathology as an example, we discuss how clotting, inflammation, epithelial healing, and fibrosis/sclerosis determine the spectrum of kidney pathology, especially when they are insufficiently activated or present in an overshooting and deregulated manner. Understanding the evolutionary benefits of these response programs may refine the search for novel therapeutic targets to limit organ dysfunction in acute injuries and in progressive chronic tissue remodeling.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland