A Food Photograph Series for Identifying Portion Sizes of Culturally Specific Dishes in Rural Areas with High Incidence of Oesophageal Cancer

Nutrients

Martani Lombard⁴  Nelia Steyn¹  Hester-Mari Burger³  Karen Charlton² 

[1] Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; E-Mail:;School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; E-Mail:;Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; E-Mail:;Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa

关键词: fumonisin;    mycotoxins;    oesophageal cancer;    food photograph series;    maize;    dietary intake;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu5083118

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Rural areas of the Eastern Cape (EC) Province, South Africa have a high incidence of squamous cell oesophageal cancer (OC) and exposure to mycotoxin fumonisin has been associated with increased OC risk. However, to assess exposure to fumonisin in Xhosas—having maize as a staple food—it is necessary to determine the amount of maize consumed per day. A maize-specific food frequency questionnaire (M-FFQ) has recently been developed. This study developed a food photograph (FP) series to improve portion size estimation of maize dishes. Two sets of photographs were developed to be used alongside the validated M-FFQ. The photographs were designed to assist quantification of intakes (portion size photographs) and to facilitate estimation of maize amounts in various combined dishes (ratio photographs) using data from 24 h recalls (n = 159), dishing-up sessions (n = 35), focus group discussions (FGD) (n = 56) and published literature. Five villages in two rural isiXhosa-speaking areas of the EC Province, known to have a high incidence of OC, were randomly selected. Women between the ages of 18–55 years were recruited by snowball sampling and invited to participate. The FP series comprised three portion size photographs (S, M, L) of 21 maize dishes and three ratio photographs of nine combined maize-based dishes. A culturally specific FP series was designed to improve portion size estimation when reporting dietary intake using a newly developed M-FFQ.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.