Application of a Novel Tool for Diagnosing Bile Acid Diarrhoea

Sensors

James A. Covington¹  Eric W. Westenbrink¹  Nathalie Ouaret¹  Ruth Harbord³  Catherine Bailey⁴  Nicola Oɼonnell⁴  James Cullis²  Nigel Williams²  Chuka U. Nwokolo⁴  Karna D. Bardhan⁵ 

[1] School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; E-Mails:;Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; E-Mails:;MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; E-Mail:;Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; E-Mails:;Department of Gastroenterology, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham S60 2UD, UK; E-Mail:

关键词: electronic nose;    FAIMS;    bile acid diarrhea (BAD);    bile acid malabsoprtion (BAM);    fermentome;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s130911899

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a common disease that requires expensive imaging to diagnose. We have tested the efficacy of a new method to identify BAD, based on the detection of differences in volatile organic compounds (VOC) in urine headspace of BAD vs. ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. A total of 110 patients were recruited; 23 with BAD, 42 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 45 controls. Patients with BAD also received standard imaging (Se75HCAT) for confirmation. Urine samples were collected and the headspace analysed using an AlphaMOS Fox 4000 electronic nose in combination with an Owlstone Lonestar Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometer (FAIMS). A subset was also tested by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry (GCMS). Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was used to explore both the electronic nose and FAIMS data. LDA showed statistical differences between the groups, with reclassification success rates (using an n-1 approach) at typically 83%. GCMS experiments confirmed these results and showed that patients with BAD had two chemical compounds, 2-propanol and acetamide, that were either not present or were in much reduced quantities in the ulcerative colitis and control samples. We believe that this work may lead to a new tool to diagnose BAD, which is cheaper, quicker and easier that current methods.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.