Harvestman Phenols and Benzoquinones: Characterisation and Biosynthetic Pathway

Molecules

Daniele F. O. Rocha²  Felipe C. Wouters²  Dávila S. Zampieri²  Timothy J. Brocksom³  Glauco Machado¹ 

[1] Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav.14, no. 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brasil;Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brasil;Laboratório de Química Bio-Orgânica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brasil

关键词: chemical defence;    NMR spectroscopy;    arthropod biosynthesis;    labelled precursors;    evolution;    chemotaxonomy;    Opiliones;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules180911429

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Benzoquinones are usually present in arthropod defence exudates. Here, we describe the chemical profiles of 12 harvestman species belonging to the neotropical family Gonyleptidae. Nine of the studied species produced benzoquinones, while three produced alkyl phenols. Two benzoquinones and one phenol exhibited biological activity against bacteria and fungi. We also studied the biosynthesis of 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone by feeding Magnispina neptunus individuals with ¹³C-labelled precursors; the benzoquinones were biosynthesised through a polyketide pathway using acetate and propionate building blocks.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.