Pathogens | |
The Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Beneficial Role for Probiotics and Prebiotics | |
Luis Vitetta1  Samantha Coulson2  Anthony W. Linnane1  | |
[1] Medlab, Sydney 2015, Australia; E-Mail:;School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Australia; E-Mail: | |
关键词: gastrointestinal tract; osteoarthritis; microbiome; prebiotics; probiotics; inflammation; | |
DOI : 10.3390/pathogens2040606 | |
来源: mdpi | |
【 摘 要 】
Natural medicines are an attractive option for patients diagnosed with common and debilitating musculoskeletal diseases such as Osteoarthritis (OA) or Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The high rate of self-medication with natural products is due to (1) lack of an available cure and (2) serious adverse events associated with chronic use of pharmaceutical medications in particular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and high dose paracetamol. Pharmaceuticals to treat pain may disrupt gastrointestinal (GIT) barrier integrity inducing GIT inflammation and a state of and hyper-permeability. Probiotics and prebiotics may comprise plausible therapeutic options that can restore GIT barrier functionality and down regulate pro-inflammatory mediators by modulating the activity of, for example,
【 授权许可】
CC BY
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
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RO202003190031710ZK.pdf | 477KB | download |