Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Sperm Activity and Early Life Stages of the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

Water

Mikko Vihtakari²  Iris E. Hendriks¹  Johnna Holding¹  Paul E. Renaud³  Carlos M. Duarte¹ 

[1] Department of Global Change Research, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, UIB-CSIC), Esporles 07190, Spain; E-Mails:;Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway;Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, Tromsø 9296, Norway; E-Mail:

关键词: climate change;    experimental study;    increased pCO₂;    larval development;    meta-analysis;    pH;    sperm kinetics;    temperature;   

DOI  :  10.3390/w5041890

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Larval stages are among those most vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). Projected atmospheric CO₂ levels for the end of this century may lead to negative impacts on communities dominated by calcifying taxa with planktonic life stages. We exposed Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sperm and early life stages to pH_T levels of 8.0 (current pH) and 7.6 (2100 level) by manipulating pCO₂ level (380 and 1000 ppm). Sperm activity was examined at ambient temperatures (16–17 °C) using individual males as replicates. We also assessed the effects of temperature (ambient and ≈20 °C) and pH on larval size, survival, respiration and calcification of late trochophore/early D-veliger stages using a cross-factorial design. Increased pCO₂ had a negative effect on the percentage of motile sperm (mean response ratio= 429%). We observed no significant interactions between pCO₂ and temperature. Our results suggest that increasing temperature might have a larger impact on very early larval stages of M. galloprovincialis than OA at levels predicted for the end of the century.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.