Chronic Illness Associated with Mold and Mycotoxins: Is Naso-Sinus Fungal Biofilm the Culprit?

Toxins

Joseph H. Brewer²  Jack D. Thrasher¹ 

[1] Citrus Heights, CA 95610, USA; E-Mail:;Plaza Infectious Disease and St. Luke’s Hospital, 4320 Wornall Road, Suite 440, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA

关键词: mycotoxin;    biofilm;    rhinosinusitis;    chronic fatigue syndrome;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins6010066

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

It has recently been demonstrated that patients who develop chronic illness after prior exposure to water damaged buildings (WDB) and mold have the presence of mycotoxins, which can be detected in the urine. We hypothesized that the mold may be harbored internally and continue to release and/or produce mycotoxins which contribute to ongoing chronic illness. The sinuses are the most likely candidate as a site for the internal mold and mycotoxin production. In this paper, we review the literature supporting this concept.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.