Methylglyoxal (MG) and Cerebro-Renal Interaction: Does Long-Term Orally Administered MG Cause Cognitive Impairment in Normal Sprague-Dawley Rats?

Toxins

Kimio Watanabe³  Kana Okada²  Ryoji Fukabori¹  Yoshimitsu Hayashi³  Koichi Asahi³  Hiroyuki Terawaki³  Kazuto Kobayashi¹  Tsuyoshi Watanabe³ 

[1] Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; E-Mails:;Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; E-Mail:;Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; E-Mails:

关键词: cerebro-renal interaction;    methylglyoxal;    cognitive impairment;    chronic kidney disease;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins6010254

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Methylglyoxal (MG), one of the uremic toxins, is a highly reactive alpha-dicarbonyl compound. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the close associations of cognitive impairment (CI) with plasma MG levels and presence of kidney dysfunction. Therefore, the present study aims to examine whether MG is a direct causative substance for CI development. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two groups: control (n = 9) and MG group (n = 10; 0.5% MG in drinking water), and fed a normal diet for 12 months. Cognitive function was evaluated by two behavioral tests (object exploration test and radial-arm maze test) in early (4–6 months of age) and late phase (7–12 months of age). Serum MG was significantly elevated in the MG group (495.8 ± 38.1 vs. 244.8 ± 28.2 nM; p < 0.001) at the end of study. The groups did not differ in cognitive function during the course of study. No time-course differences were found in oxidative stress markers between the two groups, while, antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased in the MG group compared to the control. Long-term MG administration to rats with normal kidney function did not cause CI. A counter-balanced activation of the systemic anti-oxidant system may offset the toxicity of MG in this model. Pathogenetic significance of MG for CI requires further investigation.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.