Oil Consumption, CO2 Emission, and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Philippines

Sustainability

Kyoung-Min Lim¹  Seul-Ye Lim¹ 

[1] Department of Energy Policy, Graduate School of Energy & Environment, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongreung-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea;

关键词: oil consumption;    CO₂ emissions;    economic growth;    Granger-causality;    Philippines;   

DOI  :  10.3390/su6020967

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

This paper attempts to investigate the short- and long-run causality issues among oil consumption, CO₂ emissions, and economic growth in the Philippines by using time series techniques and annual data for the period 1965–2012. Tests for unit root, co-integration, and Granger-causality tests based on an error-correction model are presented. Three important findings emerge from the investigation. First, there is bi-directional causality between oil consumption and economic growth, which suggests that the Philippines should endeavor to overcome the constraints on oil consumption to achieve economic growth. Second, bi-directional causality between oil consumption and CO₂ emissions is found, which implies that the Philippines needs to improve efficiency in oil consumption in order not to increase CO₂ emissions. Third, uni-directional causality running from CO₂ emissions to economic growth is detected, which means that growth can continue without increasing CO₂ emissions.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.