Localized Climate and Surface Energy Flux Alterations across an Urban Gradient in the Central U.S.

Energies

Jason A. Hubbart³  Elliott Kellner¹  Lynne Hooper¹  Anthony R. Lupo²  Patrick S. Market²  Patrick E. Guinan²  Kirsten Stephan⁴  Neil I. Fox² 

[1] School of Natural Resources, Water Resources Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; E-Mails:;Department of Soil, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; E-Mails:;Department of Forestry and Department of Soils, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Water Resources Program, University of Missouri, Director: Center for Watershed Management and Water Quality, 203-Q ABNR Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, 816 Chestnut St., Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA; E-Mail:

关键词: urban heat island;    microclimate;    surface energy balance;    land use;    resilience;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en7031770

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Long-term urban and rural climate data spanning January 1995 through October 2013 were analyzed to investigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in a representative mid-sized city of the central US. Locally distributed climate data were also collected at nested low density urban, recently developed, and high density urban monitoring sites from June through September 2013 to improve mechanistic understanding of spatial variability of the UHI effect based upon urban land use intensity. Long-term analyses (1995–2013) indicate significant differences (p < 0.001) between average air temperature (13.47 and 12.89 °C, at the urban and rural site respectively), relative humidity (69.11% and 72.51%, urban and rural respectively), and average wind speed (2.05 and 3.15 m/s urban and rural respectively). Significant differences (p < 0.001) between urban monitoring sites indicate an urban microclimate gradient for all climate variables except precipitation. Results of analysis of net radiation and soil heat flux data suggest distinct localized alterations in urban energy budgets due to land use intensity. Study results hold important implications for urban planners and land managers seeking to improve and implement better urban management practices. Results also reinforce the need for distributed urban energy balance investigations.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.