The Effects of the Clock and Kickoff Rule Changes on Actual and Market-Based Expected Scoring in NCAA Football

International Journal of Financial Studies

Kenneth Linna²  Evan Moore²  Rodney Paul¹ 

[1] Department of Finance, Syracuse University, 810 Nottingham Road, Syracuse, NY 13224, USA; E-Mail:;Department of Economics, Finance, and Marketing, Auburn University at Montgomery, P.O. Box 244023, Montgomery, AL 36124, USA; E-Mail:

关键词: rule change;    amateur sports;    scoring;    gambling;    betting;    market efficiency;    prediction markets;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijfs2020179

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Clock rule changes were introduced in the 2006 season with the goal of reducing the average duration of the game; these changes were reversed in 2007. In addition, in 2007 the kickoff rule was changed to create more excitement and potentially more scoring. We examine what happened to actual and expected scoring during these National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football seasons. The clock rule change in 2006 led to lower scoring which was not fully encompassed in the betting market, leading to significant returns to betting the under. Multiple rule changes in 2007 led to volatility in the betting market that subsided by season’s end.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.