Evaluation of the Impact of Low Emission Zone and Heavy Traffic Ban in Munich (Germany) on the Reduction of PM10 in Ambient Air

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Veronika Fensterer²  Helmut K࿌henhoff²  Verena Maier²  Heinz-Erich Wichmann³  Susanne Breitner¹  Annette Peters¹  Jianwei Gu¹ 

[1] Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology II, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; E-Mails:;Statistical Consulting Unit, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Akademiestr. 1, Munich 80799, Germany; E-Mails:;Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology I, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; E-Mail:

关键词: fine particles;    PM₁₀;    low emission zone;    truck ban;    Munich;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph110505094

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Concentrations of ambient fine particles (PM₁₀: particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm) are still exceeding current air quality standards in many European cities. In Munich (Germany), low emission zone and transit bans for heavy-duty vehicles were introduced in 2008 aiming at reduction of traffic emissions contribution to PM₁₀. The effects of those measures on PM₁₀ mass concentrations in Munich were investigated with a semiparametric regression model for modeling PM₁₀ levels adjusted for time, background pollution, public holidays and wind direction. The reduction of PM₁₀ concentration after the introduction of the measures was larger at a traffic monitoring site (13.0 %, 19.6 % in summer, and 6.8 % in winter) and smaller in urban background (4.5 %, 5.7 % in summer, and 3.2 % in winter). The effect was most pronounced on Fridays and on the weekends in summer.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.