Sub-Emetic Toxicity of Bacillus cereus Toxin Cereulide on Cultured Human Enterocyte-Like Caco-2 Cells

Toxins

Andreja Rajkovic⁴  Charlotte Grootaert¹  Ana Butorac²  Tatiana Cucu¹  Bruno De Meulenaer¹  John van Camp¹  Marc Bracke³  Mieke Uyttendaele⁴  Višnja Bačun-Družina² 

[1] Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mails:;Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia; E-Mails:;Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mail:;Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mail:

关键词: Bacillus cereus;    cereulide;    emetic toxin;    doses;    cell;    toxicity;    differentiated Caco-2;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins6082270

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Cereulide (CER) intoxication occurs at relatively high doses of 8 µg/kg body weight. Recent research demonstrated a wide prevalence of low concentrations of CER in rice and pasta dishes. However, the impact of exposure to low doses of CER has not been studied before. In this research, we investigated the effect of low concentrations of CER on the behavior of intestinal cells using the Caco-2 cell line. The MTT (mitochondrial 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and the SRB (sulforhodamine B) reactions were used to measure the mitochondrial activity and cellular protein content, respectively. Both assays showed that differentiated Caco-2 cells were sensitive to low concentrations of CER (in a MTT reaction of 1 ng/mL after three days of treatment; in an SRB reaction of 0.125 ng/mL after three days of treatment). Cell counts revealed that cells were released from the differentiated monolayer at 0.5 ng/mL of CER. Additionally, 0.5 and 2 ng/mL of CER increased the lactate presence in the cell culture medium. Proteomic data showed that CER at a concentration of 1 ng/mL led to a significant decrease in energy managing and H₂O₂ detoxification proteins and to an increase in cell death markers. This is amongst the first reports to describe the influence of sub-emetic concentrations of CER on a differentiated intestinal monolayer model showing that low doses may induce an altered enterocyte metabolism and membrane integrity.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.