Schistosome Vaccine Adjuvants in Preclinical and Clinical Research

Vaccines

Rachel Stephenson¹  Hong You²  Donald McManus² 

[1] School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; E-Mail:;Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; E-Mails:

关键词: adjuvant;    vaccine;    helminth;    schistosoma;   

DOI  :  10.3390/vaccines2030654

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

There is currently no vaccine available for human use for any parasitic infections, including the helminth disease, schistosomiasis. Despite many researchers working towards this goal, one of the focuses has been on identifying new antigenic targets. The bar to achieve protective efficacy in humans was set at a consistent induction of 40% protection or better by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and although this is a modest goal, it is yet to be reached with the six most promising schistosomiasis vaccine candidates (Sm28GST, IrV5, Sm14, paramyosin, TPI, and Sm23). Adjuvant selection has a large impact on the effectiveness of the vaccine, and the use of adjuvants to aid in the stimulation of the immune system is a critical step and a major variable affecting vaccine development. In addition to a comprehensive understanding of the immune system, level of protection and the desired immune response required, there is also a need for a standardised and effective adjuvant formulation. This review summarises the status of adjuvants that have been or are being employed in schistosomiasis vaccine development focusing on immunisation outcomes at preclinical and clinical stages.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.