Cetacean Morbillivirus: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Viruses

Marie-Françoise Van Bressem³  Pฝraig J. Duignan¹⁵  Ashley Banyard²³  Michelle Barbieri⁶  Kathleen M Colegrove¹⁷  Sylvain De Guise²²  Giovanni Di Guardo¹⁰  Andrew Dobson²⁰  Mariano Domingo⁷  Deborah Fauquier^3,25  Antonio Fernandez^3,18  Tracey Goldstein^3,19  Bryan Grenfell²⁰  Kátia R. Groch^3,12  Frances Gulland⁶  Brenda A Jensen^3,5  Paul D Jepson^3,11  Ailsa Hall^3,13  Thijs Kuiken^3,21  Sandro Mazzariol^3,16  Sinead E Morris²⁰  Ole Nielsen^3,24  Juan A Raga^15,26  Teresa K Rowles^3,25  Jeremy Saliki^8,15  Eva Sierra^3,18  Nahiid Stephens^14,15  Brett Stone^9,15  Ikuko Tomo^4,15  Jianning Wang^1,15  Thomas Waltzek^2,15  James FX Wellehan^15,27 

[1] Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), East Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; E-Mail:;Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; E-Mail:;Cetacean Conservation Medicine Group (CMED), Peruvian Centre for Cetacean Research (CEPEC), Pucusana, Lima 20, Peru;South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia; E-Mail:;Department of Natural Sciences, Hawai`i Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA; E-Mail:;The Marine Mammal Centre, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA; E-Mails:;Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain; E-Mail:;Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA GA 30602 , USA; E-Mail:;QML Vetnostics, Metroplex on Gateway, Murarrie, Queensland 4172, Australia; E-Mail:;Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; E-Mail:;Institute of Zoology, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK; E-Mail:;Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-207, Brazil; E-Mail:;Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 8LB, UK; E-Mail:;School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Western Australia, Australia; E-Mail:;Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL T2N 4Z6, Canada; E-Mail:;Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua 35020, Italy; E-Mail:;Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Maywood, IL 60153 , USA; E-Mail:;Department of Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35413, Spain; E-Mails:;One Health Institute School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mail:;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; E-Mails:;Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands; E-Mail:;Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, and Connecticut Sea Grant College Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; E-Mail:;Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Disease Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; E-Mail:;Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Central and Arctic Region, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 , Canada; E-Mail:;National Marine Fisheries Service, Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; E-Mails:;Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia 22085, Spain; E-Mail:;Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; E-Mail:

关键词: cetacean morbillivirus;    epidemics;    mass stranding;    SLAM;    phylogeny;    pathogenesis;    diagnosis;    endemic infections;   

DOI  :  10.3390/v6125145

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

We review the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) and the diagnosis and pathogenesis of associated disease, with six different strains detected in cetaceans worldwide. CeMV has caused epidemics with high mortality in odontocetes in Europe, the USA and Australia. It represents a distinct species within the Morbillivirus genus. Although most CeMV strains are phylogenetically closely related, recent data indicate that morbilliviruses recovered from Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), from Western Australia, and a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), from Brazil, are divergent. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) cell receptor for CeMV has been characterized in cetaceans. It shares higher amino acid identity with the ruminant SLAM than with the receptors of carnivores or humans, reflecting the evolutionary history of these mammalian taxa. In Delphinidae, three amino acid substitutions may result in a higher affinity for the virus. Infection is diagnosed by histology, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, RT-PCR, and serology. Classical CeMV-associated lesions include bronchointerstitial pneumonia, encephalitis, syncytia, and lymphoid depletion associated with immunosuppression. Cetaceans that survive the acute disease may develop fatal secondary infections and chronic encephalitis. Endemically infected, gregarious odontocetes probably serve as reservoirs and vectors. Transmission likely occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized virus but mother to fetus transmission was also reported.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.