Mechanisms and Αpplications of Ιnterleukins in Cancer Immunotherapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Doxakis Anestakis³  Savvas Petanidis²  Spyridon Kalyvas¹  Christiane M. Nday²  Olga Tsave²  Efrosini Kioseoglou²  Athanasios Salifoglou² 

[1] Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Halkidiki, Poligiros 63100, Greece; E-Mail:;Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; E-Mails:;Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; E-Mail:

关键词: interleukins;    cancer immunotherapy;    immunoediting;    immunosurveilance;    microRNA;    cancer stem cells;    tumor microenvironment (TME);    inflammation;    DNA methylation;    epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT);    autophagy;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms16011691

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Over the past years, advances in cancer immunotherapy have resulted in innovative and novel approaches in molecular cancer diagnostics and cancer therapeutic procedures. However, due to tumor heterogeneity and inter-tumoral discrepancy in tumor immunity, the clinical benefits are quite restricted. The goal of this review is to evaluate the major cytokines-interleukins involved in cancer immunotherapy and project their basic biochemical and clinical applications. Emphasis will be given to new cytokines in pre-clinical development, and potential directions for future investigation using cytokines. Furthermore, current interleukin-based approaches and clinical trial data from combination cancer immunotherapies will also be discussed. It appears that continuously increasing comprehension of cytokine-induced effects, cancer stemness, immunoediting, immune-surveillance as well as understanding of molecular interactions emerging in the tumor microenvironment and involving microRNAs, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammation, and DNA methylation processes may hold much promise in improving anti-tumor immunity. To this end, the emerging in-depth knowledge supports further studies on optimal synergistic combinations and additional adjuvant therapies to realize the full potential of cytokines as immunotherapeutic agents.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.