Effectiveness of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using a Bio-Hedge Water Hyacinth Wetland System

Water

Alireza Valipour¹  Venkatraman Kalyan Raman³  Young-Ho Ahn¹  Michael O𠆝riscoll² 

[1]Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan 712-749, Korea

[2] E-Mail:

[3]Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan 712-749, Korea

[4] E-Mail

[5]R. D. Aga Research Technology Innovation Centre, Thermax Limited, Pune 411 019, India

[6] E-Mail:

关键词: attached microbial growth;    domestic wastewater;    on-site treatment;    phytoremediation;    water hyacinth system;   

DOI  :  10.3390/w7010329

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Constructed wetland applications have been limited by a large land requirement and capital investment. This study aimed to improve a shallow pond water hyacinth system by incorporating the advantages of engineered attached microbial growth technique (termed Bio-hedge) for on-site domestic wastewater treatment. A laboratory scale continuous-flow system consists of the mesh type matrix providing an additional biofilm surface area of 54 m²/m³. Following one year of experimentation, the process showed more stability and enhanced performance in removing organic matter and nutrients, compared to traditional water hyacinth (by lowering 33%–67% HRT) and facultative (by lowering 92%–96% HRT) ponds. The wastewater exposed plants revealed a relative growth rate of 1.15% per day, and no anatomical deformities were observed. Plant nutrient level averaged 27 ± 1.7 and 44 ± 2.3 mg N/g dry weight, and 5 ± 1.4 & 9±1.2 mg P/g dry weight in roots and shoots, respectively. Microorganisms immobilized on Bio-hedge media (4.06 × 10⁷ cfu/cm²) and plant roots (3.12 × 10⁴ cfu/cm) were isolated and identified (a total of 23 strains). The capital cost was pre-estimated for 1 m³/d wastewater at 78 US$/m³_inflow and 465 US$/kg BOD_{5 removed}. This process is a suitable ecotechnology due to improved biofilm formation, reduced footprint, energy savings, and increased quality effluent.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.