SAR of Sponge-Inspired Hemibastadin Congeners Inhibiting Blue Mussel PhenolOxidase

Marine Drugs

Hendrik Niemann²  Jens Hagenow²  Mi-Young Chung²  Claire Hellio¹  Horst Weber²  Peter Proksch² 

[1] LEMAR UMR 6539 UBO CNRS Ifremer IRD, European Institute of Marine Studies (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), European University of Brittany (UEB), Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France; E-Mail:;Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; E-Mails:

关键词: antifouling;    hemibastadin;    phenoloxidase;    sponges;    copper;    Mytilus edulis;   

DOI  :  10.3390/md13053061

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Hemibastadin derivatives, including the synthetically-derived 5,5′-dibromohemibastadin-1 (DBHB), are potent inhibitors of blue mussel phenoloxidase (PO), which is a key enzyme involved in the firm attachment of this invertebrate to substrates and, thus, a promising molecular target for anti-fouling research. For a systematic investigation of the enzyme inhibitory activity of hemibastadin derivatives, we have synthesized nine new congeners, which feature structural variations of the DBHB core structure. These structural modifications include, e.g., different halogen substituents present at the aromatic rings, different amine moieties linked to the (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, the presence of free vs. substituted aromatic hydroxyl groups and a free vs. methylated oxime group. All compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity towards the target enzyme in vitro, and IC₅₀ values were calculated. Derivatives, which structurally closely resemble sponge-derived hemibastadins, revealed superior enzyme inhibitory properties vs. congeners featuring structural moieties that are absent in the respective natural products. This study suggests that natural selection has yielded structurally-optimized antifouling compounds.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.