Short Global History of Fountains

Water

Petri S. Juuti²  Georgios P. Antoniou⁸  Walter Dragoni³  Fatma El-Gohary⁹  Giovanni De Feo⁶  Tapio S. Katko⁴  Riikka P. Rajala²  Xiao Yun Zheng⁵  Renato Drusiani⁷  Andreas N. Angelakis¹ 

[1] Institute of Iraklion, National Foundation for Agricultural Research (N.AG.RE.F.), Iraklion 71307, Greece; E-Mail:;International Environmental History Group, University of Tampere, Tampere FI-33014, Finland; E-Mail:;Department of Physics and Geology, Perugia University, Perugia 06123, Italy; E-Mail:;Capacity Development in Water and Environmental Services, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere FI-33720, Finland; E-Mail:;Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences, 577 Huan Cheng West Road, Kunming City 650034, China; E-Mail:;Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, Fisciano 1-84084, Italy; E-Mail:;Federutility, Rome 00192, Italy; E-Mail:;Department of Architecture Engineering, NTUA, PhDc, Athens 10682, Greece; E-Mail:;Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Center, Bohouth Str. Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; E-Mail:

关键词: Chinese civilizations;    Egyptians;    Etruscans;    Minoans;    Hellenes;    Medieval times;    Ottomans;    Romans;    water distribution;    water supply systems;   

DOI  :  10.3390/w7052314

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Water fountains are part of every human settlement, and historical and mythological stories. They are the source from which life-sustaining water was distributed to people until piped systems started providing fresh tap water inside buildings. In many places, people visit fountains to experience the freshness of running water, to prepare for prayers, or to make a wish. Fountains have also provided water for the people of cities under siege, and purified believers as part of holy rites. The Castalia shrine in Delphi, Greece, for its part, is a spot where various groups of people come to socialize, which greatly improves the quality of their lives. This paper is a look back through the history of fountains in various parts of the world. Experts from various areas have identified the historic, cultural, and ritualistic aspects of fountains and their findings are summarized. The paper concludes by providing a glimpse into the role of fountains in modern society and their continued influence in our lives today.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.