Biomarkers of Renal Disease and Progression in Patients with Diabetes

Journal of Clinical Medicine

Radovan Hojs¹  Robert Ekart²  Sebastjan Bevc¹  Nina Hojs¹  Juan F. Navarro-González³ 

[1] Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, Maribor 2000, Slovenia; E-Mails:;Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, Maribor 2000, Slovenia; E-Mail:Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, Maribor 2000, Slovenia;

关键词: diabetes;    nephropathy;    biomarkers;    tubular biomarkers;    inflammation;    oxidative stress;   

DOI  :  10.3390/jcm4051010

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, mainly due to the increase in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy occurs in up to 40% of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is important to identify patients at risk of diabetic nephropathy and those who will progress to end stage renal disease. In clinical practice, most commonly used markers of renal disease and progression are serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria or albuminuria. Unfortunately, they are all insensitive. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the prognostic value and benefits of targeting some novel risk markers for development of diabetic nephropathy and its progression. It is focused mainly on tubular biomarkers (neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule 1, liver-fatty acid-binding protein, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase), markers of inflammation (pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-α and tumour necrosis factor-α receptors, adhesion molecules, chemokines) and markers of oxidative stress. Despite the promise of some of these new biomarkers, further large, multicenter prospective studies are still needed before they can be used in everyday clinical practice.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.