Models and Approaches for Integrating Protected Areas with Their Surroundings: A Review of the Literature

Sustainability

Wenwu Du¹  Sofia M. Penabaz-Wiley²  Anthony Murithi Njeru²  Isami Kinoshita² 

[1] Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400 715, China;Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Chiba 271-8510, Japan; E-Mails:

关键词: protected areas (PAs);    PA surroundings;    models;    area-oriented approach;    process-oriented approach;    conservation;    sustainable development;   

DOI  :  10.3390/su7078151

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Several studies have identified threats that originate in areas surrounding protected areas (PAs). While there have been various efforts to integrate PAs with their surroundings, considerable challenges remain. Here we summarize these efforts to date, discuss their effectiveness, and provide recommendations for future research. Based on a broad literature review of theoretical and applied approaches, we have outlined 68 models for balancing conservation and sustainable development in PAs. We comprehensively analyzed 23 of these models for integrating PAs with their surroundings. They were divided into two categories: area-oriented and process-oriented approaches. This review reveals the absolute necessity of combining these two approaches for future conservation and sustainable development of PAs.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.