Mineralization and Detoxification of the Carcinogenic Azo Dye Congo Red and Real Textile Effluent by a Polyurethane Foam Immobilized Microbial Consortium in an Upflow Column Bioreactor

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Harshad Lade²  Sanjay Govindwar³  Diby Paul²  Rao Bhamidiammarri¹ 

[1] Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail;Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail:;Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India

关键词: Congo red;    microbial consortium;    immobilization;    column bioreactor;    decolorization;    mineralization;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph120606894

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

A microbial consortium that is able to grow in wheat bran (WB) medium and decolorize the carcinogenic azo dye Congo red (CR) was developed. The microbial consortium was immobilized on polyurethane foam (PUF). Batch studies with the PUF-immobilized microbial consortium showed complete removal of CR dye (100 mg·L⁻¹) within 12 h at pH 7.5 and temperature 30 ± 0.2 °C under microaerophilic conditions. Additionally, 92% American Dye Manufactureing Institute (ADMI) removal for real textile effluent (RTE, 50%) was also observed within 20 h under the same conditions. An upflow column reactor containing PUF-immobilized microbial consortium achieved 99% CR dye (100 mg·L⁻¹) and 92% ADMI removal of RTE (50%) at 35 and 20 mL·h^−l flow rates, respectively. Consequent reduction in TOC (83 and 79%), COD (85 and 83%) and BOD (79 and 78%) of CR dye and RTE were also observed, which suggested mineralization. The decolorization process was traced to be enzymatic as treated samples showed significant induction of oxidoreductive enzymes. The proposed biodegradation pathway of the dye revealed the formation of lower molecular weight compounds. Toxicity studies with a plant bioassay and acute tests indicated that the PUF-immobilized microbial consortium favors detoxification of the dye and textile effluents.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.